Research

Researchers and learning designers on TLT’s staff collaborate with faculty who teach in the Bluebox, and other experimental classrooms, to uncover how the space’s resources can help implement unique approaches to teaching and learning.

The graphic below illustrates how the Bluebox supports this unique research-to-practice cycle.

How can research in this space enhance teaching and learning?

The Bluebox is a discipline-agnostic learning space. Faculty from any discipline are invited to engage students in this space. With each new course there is an opportunity to better understand the space and for faculty to learn new ways to teach in their discipline.

The goal of Bluebox-related research is to uncover new pedagogies, determine best practices, and contribute to the growing national discourse on effective learning spaces.

Research in the Bluebox

Ramsay, C., Guo, X., & Pursel, B. K. (2017). Leveraging faculty reflective practice to understand active learning spaces: Flashbacks and Re-captures. Journal of Learning Spaces, 6(3).

This article provides details of two novel data collection approaches in learning spaces, approaches that help to answer research questions related to the teaching experiences of faculty.

Ramsay, C., Ozkan, S., & Choi, K. (2017). Active learning: A Summary of a 30-year call to action.

This white paper provides a broad historical summary of—and makes a case for—active learning as a pedagogical practice. By extension, it serves as evidence of the need for active learning spaces.

What have others learned?

Below are research articles related to innovative learning spaces that have helped shape the thinking around the Bluebox and other state-of-the-art learning spaces at Penn State.

General Active Learning Classroom

Brooks, D. C. (2011). Space matters: The impact of formal learning environments on student learning

This quasi-experimental design study showed strong empirical evidence that technologically enhanced learning environments, independent of all other factors, have a significant and positive impact on student learning.

Students’ Perception and Performance in Active Learning Classroom

Adedokun, O. A., Parker, L. C., Henke, J. N., & Burgess, W. D. (2017). Student perceptions of a 21st century learning space

This article explores students’ perceptions in association with the affordances and features of learning space, specifically examining classroom climate, learning and motivation, classroom engagement, and benefits and challenges of furniture and technology.

Baepler, P., & Walker, J. D. (2014). Active learning classrooms and educational alliances: Changing relationships to improve learning

This chapter discusses the effectiveness of active learning techniques to facilitate group interaction, considering the facets of mutual respect, shared responsibility for learning, effective communication and feedback, cooperation, and trust and security in active learning classrooms.

Chiu, P. H. P., & Cheng, S. H. (2017). Effects of active learning classrooms on student learning: A two-year empirical investigation on student perceptions and academic performance

In this study, a large-scale two-year longitudinal study, researchers examined the benefits of active learning classrooms on students’ creative and innovative thinking, across a variety of disciplines and for all learners, regardless of the level of academic achievement.

Lo, C. C. (2010). Student learning and student satisfaction in an interactive classroom

In this article, suggestions which were supported by empirical results were given to faculty members on how to easily and successfully change their role in new interactive classrooms.

Park, E. L., & Choi, B. K. (2014). Transformation of classroom spaces: Traditional versus active learning classroom in colleges

This study investigated the degree of improvement of students’ cognitive engagement, knowledge construction, and knowledge integration in active learning classroom, as compared to those in traditional classrooms.

Rotgans, J. I., & Schmidt, H. G. (2011). Situational interest and academic achievement in the active-learning classroom

This article discusses a study of the aspects of change in situational interest depending on different learning activities and further investigated its effects on students’ achievement-related behaviors and academic achievement in an active learning classroom.

 
This article addresses the long-standing question of why students and faculty remain resistant to active learning. Comparing passive lectures with active learning using a randomized experimental approach and identical course materials, we find that students in the active classroom learn more, but they feel like they learn less.
 

Instructors’ Perceptions and Behaviors in Active Learning Classroom

Gebre, E., Saroyan, A., & Bracewell, R. (2012). Students’ engagement in technology-rich classrooms and its relationship to professors’ conceptions of effective teaching

This article discusses four types of student engagement while taking courses in technology-rich classrooms and explores the relation between the extent of student engagement and professors’ conceptions of effective teaching for the course they were teaching in in technology-rich classrooms.

Hacisalihoglu, G., Stephens, D., Johnson, L., & Edington, M. (2018). The use of an active learning approach in a SCALE-UP learning space improves academic performance in undergraduate General Biolog

This study introduces active learning techniques such as one-minute paper and think-pair-share and examines the effectiveness of active learning techniques on students’ classroom engagement, academic performance, and success rates in the course.

Sawers, K. M., Wicks, D., Mvududu, N., Seeley, L., & Copeland. R. (2016). What drives student engagement: is it learning space, instructor behavior or teaching philosophy?

This quasi-experimental design study discusses two types of instructors’ teaching approach (i.e., instructor-centered vs. student-centered) and explored the relations among instructors’ learning approach, use of active learning strategies, and students’ perception of classroom engagement in active learning classroom.